Facts city Fun Facts and Trivia

 Voyager 1 Model of the Voyager spacecraft design Mission type Outer planetary, heliosphere, and interstellar medium exploration Operator NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory COSPAR ID 1977-084A SATCAT no. 10321 Spacecraft properties Spacecraft type Mariner Jupiter-Saturn Manufacturer Jet Propulsion Laboratory Launch mass 825.5 kg (1,820 lb) Power 470 watts (at launch) Start of mission Launch date September 5, 1977, 12:56:00 UTC Rocket Titan IIIE Launch site Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 41 Flyby of Jupiter Closest approach March 5, 1979 Distance 349,000 km (217,000 mi) Flyby of Saturn Closest approach November 12, 1980 Distance 124,000 km (77,000 mi) Flyby of Titan (atmosphere study) Closest approach November 12, 1980 Distance 6,490 km (4,030 mi) Voyager 1 is the first spacecraft to reach interstellar space. It originally launched (along with its twin, Voyager 2) in 1977 to explore the outer planets in our solar system. However, it has remained operational long past expectations and c...

Cheetah Range of cheetah COMMON NAME:  Cheetahs SCIENTIFIC NAME:  Acinonyx jubatus TYPE:  Mammals DIET:  Carnivore AVERAGE LIFE SPAN IN THE WILD:  Up to 14 years AVERAGE LIFE SPAN IN CAPTIVITY:  Up to 20 years SIZE:  Body:  3.7 to 4.6 feet  tail: two to 2.7 feet WEIGHT:  77 to 143 pounds Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Acinonyx Species: A. jubatus cheetah, (Acinonyx jubatus), one of the world’s most-recognizable cats, known especially for its speed. Cheetahs’ sprints have been measured at a maximum of 114 km (71 miles) per hour, and they routinely reach velocities of 80–100 km per hour while pursuing prey. Nearly all the cheetahs remaining in the wild live in Africa. Cheetahs are covered almost entirely with small black spots on a background of pale yellow and have a white underbelly. Their faces are distinguished ...

 Confucius Born Kǒng Qiū c. 551 BCE Zou, State of Lu (modern-day Nanxin Town, Qufu, Shandong, China) Died c. 479 BCE (aged 71–72) Si River, State of Lu Resting place Cemetery of Confucius, State of Lu Era Hundred Schools of Thought (Ancient philosophy) Region Chinese philosophy School Confucianism Notable students Yan Hui, Zengzi Disciples of Confucius Main interests Ethics, Education, Music, Poetry, Political philosophy, Social philosophy Notable ideas Confucianism, Golden Rule Influences Cultural values of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties I Ching Book of Rites Classic of Poetry Influenced Virtually all subsequent Chinese philosophy, particularly Mencius, Xun Kuang, Zhu Xi, Wang Shouren, the Neotaoists, as well as Han Yu and the Neoconfucians. Also influenced multiple Western thinkers including Niels Bohr, Benjamin Franklin, Allen Ginsberg, Thomas Jefferson, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Robert Cummings Neville, Alexander Pope, Ezra Pound, François Quesnay, Friedrich Schiller, Volta...

 Nanga Parbat Native name ننگا پربت (Urdu) Location Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan Parent range Himalayas Highest point Elevation 8,126 m (26,660 ft) Ranked 9th Prominence 4,608 m (15,118 ft) Ranked 14th Isolation 189 km (117 mi)  Listing Eight-thousander Ultra Coordinates 35°14′15″N 74°35′21″E Climbing First ascent 3 July 1953 by Hermann Buhl on 1953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expedition First winter ascent: 16 February 2016 by Simone Moro, Alex Txicon and Ali Sadpara Easiest route Western Diamer District Nanga Parbat is located in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and is the Western bastion of the Himalaya. It is the nineth highest mountain in the world and the second highest in Pakistan after K2. Steeped in a history matched by few others in Asia it has staged some of the greatest Himalayan ascents of all time. From Hermann Buhl’s solo first ascent in 1953 via the Upper North ridge to Gunther and Reinhold Messner’s first ascent of the Rupal Face in 1970 via the South South East...

Leaning Tower of Pisa Religion Affiliation Catholic Church Ecclesiastical or organizational status Active Location Location Pisa, Italy Geographic coordinates 43°43′23″N 10°23′47″E Architecture Architect(s) Bonanno Pisano Style Romanesque Groundbreaking 1173 Completed 1372 Specifications Height (max) 55.86 m (183 ft 3 in) Materials marble,  stone Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italian Torre Pendente di Pisa, medieval structure in Pisa, Italy, that is famous for the settling of its foundations, which caused it to lean 5.5 degrees (about 15 feet [4.5 metres]) from the perpendicular in the late 20th century. Extensive work was subsequently done to straighten the tower, and its lean was ultimately reduced to less than 4.0 degrees. The bell tower, begun in 1173 as the third and final structure of the city’s cathedral complex, was designed to stand 185 feet (56 metres) high and was constructed of white marble. Three of its eight stories had been completed when the uneven settling of the building...

 Eiffel Tower Type Observation tower Broadcasting tower Location 7th arrondissement, Paris, France Coordinates 48°51′29.6″N 2°17′40.2″E Construction started 28 January 1887; 134 years ago Completed 15 March 1889; 132 years ago Opening 31 March 1889; 132 years ago Owner City of Paris, France Management Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) Height Architectural 300 m (984 ft) Tip 324 m (1,063 ft) Top floor 276 m (906 ft) Technical details Floor count 3 Lifts/elevators 8 Design and construction Architect Stephen Sauvestre Structural engineer Maurice Koechlin Émile Nouguier Main contractor Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel Eiffel Tower, French Tour Eiffel, Parisian landmark that is also a technological masterpiece in building-construction history. When the French government was organizing the International Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution, a competition was held for designs for a suitable monument. More than 100 plans were submitted, an...

 Albert Einstein Einstein in 1921, by Ferdinand Schmutzer Born 14 March 1879 Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire Died 18 April 1955 (aged 76) Princeton, New Jersey, U.S. Citizenship Kingdom of Württemberg, part of the German Empire (1879–1896) Stateless (1896–1901) Switzerland (1901–1955) Austria, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1911–1912) Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire (1914–1918) Free State of Prussia (Weimar Republic, 1918–1933) United States (1940–1955) Education Federal polytechnic school in Zurich (Federal teaching diploma, 1900) University of Zurich (PhD, 1905) Known for General relativity Special relativity Photoelectric effect E=mc2 (Mass–energy equivalence) E=hf (Planck–Einstein relation) Theory of Brownian motion Einstein field equations Bose–Einstein statistics Bose–Einstein condensate Gravitational wave Cosmological constant Unified field theory EPR paradox Ensemble interpretation Spouse(s) Mileva Marić (m. 1903; div. 1919)​ Elsa Löwenthal (m...

 quokka Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Marsupialia Order: Diprotodontia Family: Macropodidae Subfamily: Macropodinae Genus: Setonix Species: S. brachyurus The quokka also known as the short-tailed scrub wallaby (Setonix brachyurus), is a small macropod about the size of a domestic cat. It is the only member of the genus Setonix. Like other marsupials in the macropod family (such as kangaroos and wallabies), the quokka is herbivorous and mainly nocturnal. A quokka weighs 2.5 to 5.0 kg (5.5 to 11 lb) and is 40 to 54 cm (16 to 21 in) long with a 25-to-30 cm-long (9.8-to-12 in) tail, which is quite short for a macropod. It has a stocky build, well developed hind legs, rounded ears, and a short, broad head. Its musculoskeletal system was originally adapted for terrestrial bipedal saltation, but over its evolution, its system has been built for arboreal locomotion. Although looking rather like a very small kangaroo, it can climb s...

 Dragon Illustration of a winged, fire-breathing dragon by Friedrich Justin Bertuch from 1806 dragon, in the mythologies, legends, and folktales of various cultures, a large lizard- or serpent-like creature, conceived in some traditions as evil and in others as beneficent. In medieval Europe, dragons were usually depicted with wings and a barbed tail and as breathing fire. In Greece the word drakōn, from which the English word was derived, was used originally for any large serpent (see sea serpent), and the dragon of mythology, whatever shape it later assumed, remained essentially a snake. In general, in the Middle Eastern world, where snakes are large and deadly, the serpent or dragon was symbolic of the principle of evil. Thus, the Egyptian god Apepi, for example, was the great serpent of the world of darkness. But the Greeks and Romans, though accepting the Middle Eastern idea of the serpent as an evil power, also at times conceived the drakontes as beneficent—sharp-eyed dweller...

 pangolins Ranges of living species COMMON NAME:  Pangolins DIET:  Insectivore SIZE:  45 inches to 4.5 feet long WEIGHT:  4 to 72 pounds Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Mirorder: Ferae Clade: Pholidotamorpha Order: Pholidota pangolin, (family Manidae), also called scaly anteater, any of about eight species of armoured placental mammals of the family Manidae (order Pholidota). The name pangolin, from the Malay meaning “rolling over,” refers to this animal’s habit of curling into a ball when threatened. Pangolins—which are typically classified in the genera Manis, Phataginus, and Smutsia—are found in tropical Asia and Africa. Pangolins are 30 to 90 cm (1 to 3 feet) long exclusive of the tail and weigh 5 to 27 kg (10 to 60 pounds). Across all eight species, adult tail length ranges from about 26 to 70 cm (approximately 10 to 28 inches). Except for the sides of the face and underside of the body, they are covered with ove...

 The Battle of Hattin  Date 3–4 July 1187 Location  Horns of Hattin, Principality of Galilee (modern-day Israel) 32°48′13″N 35°26′40″E Result  Decisive Ayyubid victory Belligerents Kingdom of Jerusalem County of Tripoli Principality of Antioch Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus Order of Mountjoy Ayyubid Sultanate Commanders and leaders Guy of Lusignan Surrendered Raymond III of Tripoli Balian of Ibelin Gerard de Rideford Surrendered Garnier de Nablus Raynald of Châtillon Surrendered Executed Humphrey IV of Toron Aimery of Lusignan Reginald of Sidon Joscelin III of Edessa Saladin Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri Al-Muzaffar Umar Al-Adil I Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din Strength 18,000–20,000 men 1,200 knights 3,000 men-at-arms 500 turcopoles 15,000 infantry 20,000–40,000 men 12,000 regular cavalry Casualties and losses Crusaders Casualties Most of the army 200 captured knights executed Captured turcopoles executed Captured infantrymen enslaved Muslims casua...